Find the concentration of hydrochloric acid by titration

You have hydrochloric acid of unknown concentration and standard sodium hydroxide solution, 0.100 mol dm⁻³. Prepare the apparatus, carry out a rough titration and accurate repeats until you have concordant results, then calculate the acid's concentration and its uncertainty.

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Find the concentration of hydrochloric acid

NaOH(aq) in burette: 0.100 mol dm⁻³. Pipette: 25.00 cm³ ± 0.04 cm³.

Your task

Prepare the burette, pipette, flask and indicator.
Pipette 25.00 cm³ of acid into the flask and add indicator.
Read the burette, then carry out a rough titration.
Repeat accurately, adding dropwise near the end point, until two titres agree within 0.10 cm³.
Select your concordant titres and calculate the acid's concentration.
Work out the uncertainty, evaluate and submit.

Calculation

Mean of your concordant titres / cm³

Amount of NaOH / mol

Amount of HCl in 25.00 cm³ / mol

Concentration of HCl / mol dm⁻³

Uncertainty

Percentage uncertainty in your concentration / %

Which change would most reduce the percentage uncertainty in the titre?

Add more indicator Swirl the flask more vigorously Use conditions giving a larger titre, such as a more dilute NaOH solution

Why rinse the burette with the NaOH solution rather than water? To remove any grease from the tap Water left inside would dilute the NaOH, so more would be needed and the calculated acid concentration would be too high It makes the meniscus easier to read

What is the rough titration for? To use up the solution left from the last group Its value is included in the mean to make it more reliable To find roughly where the end point is, so accurate runs can go dropwise near it

Why is phenolphthalein or methyl orange suitable here, but universal indicator is not? They change colour sharply within the steep part of the pH curve, while universal indicator changes gradually through many colours, so there's no clear end point Universal indicator is too expensive for titrations Universal indicator reacts with the sodium hydroxide

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